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This example shows how to generate IEEE® 802.11™ MAC frames.
Introduction
This example shows how WLAN MAC frames specified in Section 9 of [ 1 ] and [ 2 ] can be generated and exported to a packet capture (PCAP) file for analysis with third party packet analysis tools. In this example Wireshark [ 3 ] is used to verify the content of MAC frames is as expected.
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The general MAC frame format consists of a header, frame-body, and frame check sequence (FCS). The header holds information about the frame. The frame-body carries data that needs to be transmitted. The transmitter calculates the FCS over the header and frame-body. The receiver uses the FCS to confirm that the header and frame-body are properly received. The following diagram shows the structure of a general MAC frame.
The standard specifies four types of frames: Management, Data, Control, and Extension. There are multiple subtypes of each frame type. These are identified by the Type and Subtype fields of the frame control field in the MAC header.
Management Frames:
Data Frames:
Control Frames:
Extension Frames:
You can use the
wlanMACFrame function to generate MAC frames. This function accepts a MAC frame configuration object wlanMACFrameConfig as an input. This object configures the fields in the MAC header. Set the FrameType property to the desired Subtype description in Table 9-1 of [ 1 ] to set the appropriate Type and Subtype fields in the MAC header. The wlanMACFrame function supports the generation of following MPDUs.
In addition to the above MPDUs,
wlanMACFrame also supports generation of A-MPDUs containing MPDUs of type QoS Data .
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To generate an RTS frame, create a MAC frame configuration object with the
FrameType set to 'RTS' .
Configure the frame header fields.
Generate an RTS frame using the configuration.
By default, the output of
wlanMACFrame is a sequence of hexadecimal octets. If you want to generate the MAC frame as a sequence of bits, set the OutputFormat parameter to bits .
Data Frame Generation
To generate a QoS Data frame, create a MAC frame configuration object with the
FrameType set to 'QoS Data' .
Configure the frame header fields.
The QoS Data frame is used to transmit a payload from higher-layer. A 20-byte payload containing a repeating sequence of hexadecimal value '11' is used in this example.
Generate a QoS Data frame using payload and configuration.
By default, the output of
wlanMACFrame is a sequence of hexadecimal octets. If you want to generate the MAC frame as a sequence of bits, set the OutputFormat parameter to bits .
The output MAC frame is an MPDU with a single MSDU. Refer to the example 802.11ac Waveform Generation with MAC Frames for A-MSDU and A-MPDU generation.
Management Frame Generation
To generate a Beacon frame, create a MAC frame configuration object with the
FrameType set to 'Beacon' .
Beacon frame-body consists of information fields and information elements as explained in Section 9.3.3.3 of [ 1 ]. You can configure these information fields and elements using
wlanMACManagementConfig . Skype 7.40 download mac.
Configure the information fields and elements in the frame-body configuration. You can add information elements using
addIE(elementID, information) method as shown below. Refer Section 9.4 in [ 1 ] for the list of information fields and information elements.
Assign the updated frame-body configuration object to the
ManagementConfig property in the MAC frame configuration.
Generate the Beacon frame with the updated frame configuration.
By default, the output of
wlanMACFrame is a sequence of hexadecimal octets. If you want to generate the MAC frame as a sequence of bits, set the OutputFormat parameter to bits .
Exporting to a PCAP File
Download adobe flash player for mac offline installer. This example uses
pcapWriter object to export the generated MAC frames to a file with .pcap extension. To analyze and visualize this file, use a third part packet analyzer such as Wireshark. To export the generated MAC frames to a file with .pcapng extension, use pcapngWriter object.
Create an object of type
pcapWriter and specify the packet capture file name. The constants wlanLinkType and timestamp specifies the link layer header type [ 4 ] and the capture time of a WLAN frame, respectively. In this example, the capture time is same for all the frames. Before writing packets to the file with .pcap or .pcapng extension, use writeGlobalHeader function to write a global header to the file.
Use the
write function to write all the MAC frames to a PCAP file
Visualization of the Generated MAC Frames
You can open the PCAP files containing the generated MAC frames in a packet analyzer. The frames decoded by the Wireshark match the standard compliant MAC frames generated using the WLAN Toolbox. This figure shows the analysis of the captured MAC frames in Wireshark.
Conclusion and Further Exploration
This example demonstrated generation of MAC frames for the IEEE 802.11 standard. You can use a packet analyzer to view the generated MAC frames. To transmit the generated MAC frames over air, refer 802.11 OFDM Beacon Frame Generation and 802.11ac Waveform Generation with MAC Frames examples.
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